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Vincent J. Mangini, Shareholder in Stark & Stark's Real Estate, Zoning & Land Use Group, authored the article A Primer on Green Leases: Special considerations that permeate the negotiation process for the March 1, 2010 edition of the New Jersey Law Journal.

Mr. Mangini discusses how the introduction of green building principles and the heightened interest in energy efficiency and cost savings has begun to influence the negotiation and operation of commercial leases and the build-out of tenant improvements. The article presents a summary and analysis of the issues that landlords and tenants should be aware of and what they need to build into their due diligence when dealing with a high-performance building.

You can read the full article online here. (PDF)

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The following is a portion of an article entitled Hot and Green Legal Topics written by Vincent J. Mangini and Gary S. Forshner taken from the December 2009 edition of The Cutting Edge:

The construction of energy efficient buildings, the practice of conserving natural resources and recycling and the development and use of alternative fuels have all become prevalent concerns in our culture.  Not surprisingly, these concepts have thoroughly permeated the contemporary legal landscape providing both benefits and burdens to individuals and businesses alike.  The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of a few of the laws and incentives that impact the building and real estate industry.

Water Reuse Program
In light of the increasing demand placed on water supplies and the desire to reduce the impact of drought conditions, interest has grown in water reclamation and reuse, which entails the conversion of wastewater into reclaimed water through the application of specialized treatment for beneficial uses, such as landscape and agricultural irrigation, fire protection, dust control and street cleaning.
 

• The term “reclaimed water for beneficial reuse" (RWBR) is defined in the New Jersey Administrative Code to mean “[w]ater that meets restricted access or public access reuse requirements specified in a NJPDES permit that authorizes that water to be directly reused for non-potable applications in place of potable water, diverted surface water, or diverted groundwater.” N.J.A.C. 7:14A-1.2. 
• Under current State policy, as manifested through the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s technical manual entitled “Reclaimed Water for Beneficial Reuse," dated January 2005 (“Guidelines”), the preparation of a water reuse feasibility study may be required for New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NJPDES) permits involving all wastewater treatment and disposal facilities with a design flow of at least 100,000 gallons per day and for water supply allocation permits involving the use of water for non-potable and consumptive uses. See also N.J.A.C. 7:19-2.2(g) (requiring applicant for water supply allocation permit to consider lower quality water for non-potable purposes).  Indeed, in issuing water allocation permits the DEP may require users to consent to the use of reclaimed water should such lower quality water become available, potentially creating a host of additional issues and challenges for builders.
• Any person, who actually produces or is seeking to produce RWBR is required under current State regulations to utilize the Guidelines and to obtain a NJPDES permit. N.J.A.C. 7:14A-2.15.
• A building project that makes use of recycled wastewater for landscape irrigation or sewage conveyance (i.e. toilet flushing) may earn water efficiency credits that can be applied towards certification under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System for New Construction (LEED-NC) formulated by the United States Green Building Council.

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Due to high energy costs and concern about the environment (and the availability of tax credits and grants), homeowners and businesses are giving greater consideration to renewable energy.  Before undertaking the installation of a renewable energy facility, such as solar panels, it is important to conduct due diligence, which may include, among other things, the procurement of easements from neighbors to allow for unobstructed access to sunlight.  Fortunately, New Jersey specifically recognizes easements for solar energy facilities and has set forth the minimum content for such easements in the Solar Easements Act.  However, while providing useful guidelines, this statute does not require the owner of property adjoining a solar energy facility to grant a solar easement.  Rather, the prospective solar energy customer must negotiate with surrounding property owners and pay whatever consideration the market may bear.  In light of the complexities involved in negotiating the terms and conditions for such an easement agreement and in preparing the easement document, potential solar energy customers would be well advised to seek the assistance of an attorney in performing this task.

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Among the several pieces of “green” legislation, that Governor Jon Corzine signed just prior to leaving office was a bill (A3218) that creates a new, temporary 11-member public body to be known as the Solar and Wind Energy Commission.  This new law - approved as P.L. 2009, c. 239 - authorizes the Commission “to conduct a thorough and comprehensive study to examine State owned property and determine where solar and wind energy installations would be feasible[,]” which shall include a discussion of the financial implications of such installations, projected energy and financial savings, potential use of net metering and a host of other topics.  Although there is no limit to the number of documents that the Commission may produce under the statute relating to this study, it must submit to the Governor and the Legislature and make available to the public a final report containing its findings, conclusions and recommendations within one year after its organization.  Thirty days thereafter, the Commission shall expire.  It will be interesting to see what this year-long effort will generate.

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 On January 16, 2010, just prior to leaving office as Governor, Jon Corzine signed into law what I am going to refer to as the "solar farm bill" (P.L. 2009, c. 213), which authorizes a person who owns preserved farmland to install and operate biomass, solar or wind energy generation facilities, structures and equipment on the farm for the purpose of generating power or heat.  Among other things, this bill also adds to the list of permitted activities that may be conducted on commercial farms "the generation of power or heat from biomass, solar, or wind energy" and, as such, it will serve as a nice companion to a recent amendment to the Municipal Land Use Law (P.L. 2009, c. 35), which allows a “renewable energy facility” to be located on a parcel or parcels of land owned by the same person comprising at least 20 contiguous acres within every municipal industrial zoning district, signed into law by the former Governor in March of last year.

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The New Jersey Clean Energy Program administered by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities through its Office of Clean Energy offers a host of financial incentives.  Among these is the Pay for Performance Program, which is funded by the societal benefits charge authorized by the New Jersey Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act.  Under this program, a qualifying utility customer may receive up to 50% of the total cost of energy-efficient measures recommended by an energy efficiency expert, also known as a program “partner,” who the customer selects from a pre-approved list, provided that the implementation of such measures will achieve an energy savings of at least 15%.  A customer participating in the Pay for Performance Program may also receive funds to offset the cost of the program partner’s services at a rate of $0.10 per square foot up to a maximum of $50,000 or 50% of the annual energy cost of the building or facility that is the subject of the application for benefits, whichever is less.  There are also advanced measure incentives for combined heat and power under the program.

In order to be eligible for the Pay for Performance Program, (1) an applicant must be a customer of a regulated electric utility and/or gas utility in New Jersey, including Atlantic City Electric, Jersey Central Power & Light, Rockland Electric Company, New Jersey Natural Gas, Elizabethtown Gas, PSE&G and South Jersey Gas, and (2) the project for which an application is made must consist of one or more commercial, industrial, institutional or multi-family residential structures having over 200 kW average annual peak demand electrical usage (if the buildings are preexisting) or having at least 50,000 square feet or more of planned conditioned space (if the project calls for new construction).  Individual buildings, as well as multiple buildings in complexes owned by a single person or entity, may qualify for benefits under the program provided that they meet the above criteria.  Condominium associations may also be eligible to receive incentives for energy-efficient measures relating to common elements under this program.

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On October 9, 2009, the New York State Legislature enacted the Green Jobs-Green New York Act of 2009 (“Green Jobs Act”) as P.L. 2009, ch. 487, amending the Public Authorities Law, to create the Green Jobs-Green New York Energy Conservation and Community Sustainability Program (“Green Jobs-Green New York Program”).  Under this new program, the New York State Energy and Development Authority (“Authority”) is empowered to award financial assistance from the Green Jobs-Green New York Revolving Loan Fund to applicants for the conduct of energy audits and the performance of qualified energy efficiency services on non-residential, residential and multi-family structures.  The Green Jobs Act defines “applicant” broadly to include any “person who owns, leases or manages a structure and who has the authority to contract for the provision of qualified energy efficiency services to such structure.” NY PUB AUTH § 1891.  However, loans for “qualified energy efficiency services,” which are also defined under the Green Jobs Act and include such building improvements as thermostat upgrades and the installation of thermal solar heat or hot water systems, are limited.  For example, loans for approved qualified energy efficiency services may not exceed $26,000.00 per applicant for non-residential structures.  Applicants applying for financial assistance relating to residential structures may only receive up to half that amount.  The cost of the energy audit may be added to the amount of the loan.  Interest rates shall lie within the Authority’s discretion, but may “be no higher than necessary to make the provision of the qualified energy efficiency services feasible.” NY PUB AUTH § 1896.
 

In addition to the provision of loans for energy audits and qualified energy efficiency services, the Green Jobs-Green New York Program requires the Authority to award grants for certain purposes and to promote employment and training services.  In the way of funding, the New York State Legislature has appropriated $112,000,000 to finance the aforesaid loan program and the Authority’s other activities.  The Authority is not expected to begin implementing the Green Jobs-Green New York Program until the spring of 2010.

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Vincent J. Mangini, Shareholder in Stark & Stark’s Real Estate, Zoning & Land Use group, will present a seminar entitled How to Immediately Cut Your Company’s Energy Costs and Control Energy Expenses in the Future in conjunction with New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program and its New Jersey SmartStart Buildings program. The seminar is hosted by CrunchEnergy, an energy services company dedicated to helping businesses reduce energy costs.
 

 
The seminar will be presented from 8:00 AM – 12:30 PM September 9, 2009 and September 10, 2009. The September 9th event will be held at The Villa in Mountain Lakes, New Jersey, and the September 10th event will be held at the Sheraton in Eatontown, New Jersey.

 

The seminar will provide actionable recommendations to cut energy costs immediately, while providing the insight to prepare for upcoming regulations and impending laws and current initiatives, like New Jersey’s Energy Master Plan. The material shared at the event will benefit New Jersey-based building owners, business owners, CFOs, energy managers and facilities managers - anyone who makes decisions about energy for buildings of 20K square feet or more.
Topics to be discussed include:

• Quick and no-cost building upgrades to reduce energy consumption
• Reducing peak demand
• Emerging technologies and incentive opportunities
• State Renewable Energy Tax Exemption
• Grants and loans for energy efficient projects
• Energy audits
• NJ Smart Start Buildings Pay-for-Performance Programs
• And other related topics.

Mr. Mangini will present the seminar with Joseph Carlamere of New Jersey SmartStart Buildings. Mr. Carlamere is involved in environmental consulting, company TRC’s design and development of the sector initiative of New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program as part of the team developing programmatic strategies that resonate to the following sectors: industrial, institutional, multi-family, higher education and hospitality. He also manages the Local Government Energy Audit Program for the NJOCE and the BPU.
 

Additional information and details on how to register for the events is available online here.
 

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Stark & Stark Real Estate, Zoning & Land Use Shareholder, Vincent J. Mangini, was a featured panelist for the New Jersey Law Journal's May 4, 2009 Green Building in New Jersey Roundtbale discussion. Green building is a rapidly growing, complex and evolving field which requires hard-to-come-by expertise. Mr. Mangini joined with several real estate and green building attorneys who understand these issues, and joined together in order to offer their insights.

Mr. Mangini states, "Green building is defined in a number of ways, depending on the context. The Environmental Protection Agency defines it as “creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life cycle, from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction.”

You can read the full roundtable discussion online here. (PDF)

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On March 31, 2009, Governor Jon Corzine signed into law new legislation known as the Residential Development Solar Energy Systems Act. (P.L. 2009, c.33) codified at N.J.S.A. 52:27D-141.1, et seq.. The Act requires developers of residential developments containing 25 or more single-family dwelling units to disclose in advertising and offer to install solar energy systems. The act requires the Department of Community Affairs (DCA) in consultation with the Board of Public Utilities to adopt regulations respecting the technical sufficiency of solar energy systems to be installed pursuant the act and prescribes certain minimum standards.  For example, a solar energy system installed under the act shall have components that are new and shall have a manufacturer’s warranty of not less than 10 years.

Although the Residential Development Solar Energy Systems Act became effective immediately, in actuality, it shall apply only to dwelling units that have received a construction permit on or after the 90th day following the DCA’s promulgation of the aforesaid technical sufficiency regulations for solar energy systems.

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